Package 'ekioplot'

Brazilian municipal crop production, 2022

Description

Municipal production of soybeans, corn and sugarcane from IBGE's Municipal Agricultural Production Survey (PAM).

Usage

brazil_agriculture

Format

A tibble with 16,689 rows and 12 variables:

code_muni

IBGE municipality code (numeric)

name_muni

Municipality name (character)

name_state

State name (character)

name_region

Brazilian region (character)

crop

Crop name (character)

production_tonnes

Production volume, tonnes (numeric)

area_harvested_ha

Harvested area, hectares (numeric)

yield

Productivity, tonnes per hectare (numeric)

crop_type

Crop cycle (character)

crop_category

Crop category (character)

crop_importance

Economic importance (character)

production_scale

Production-scale category (integer)

Source

IBGE, Table 1612: Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM). https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1612

References

IBGE. (2023). Produção Agrícola Municipal - PAM 2022.

---

Brazilian state crop production, 1974–2023

Description

Annual production of seven major crops by Brazilian state from IBGE's Municipal Agricultural Production Survey (PAM).

Usage

brazil_agriculture_states

Format

A tibble with 9,450 rows and 8 variables:

code_state

IBGE state code (numeric)

name_state

State name (character)

year

Observation year (numeric)

crop

Crop name (character)

production_tonnes

Production volume, tonnes (numeric)

area_harvested_ha

Harvested area, hectares (numeric)

yield_kg_per_ha

Productivity, kilograms per hectare (numeric)

production_value_brl_k

Production value, thousands of Brazilian reais (numeric)

Details

Crops are beans, corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, sugarcane and wheat.

Source

IBGE, Table 1612: Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM). https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/1612

References

IBGE. (2023). Produção Agrícola Municipal - PAM 2022.

---

Brazilian municipal GDP, 2021

Description

Municipal GDP for all 5,570 Brazilian municipalities, at current prices.

Usage

brazil_gdp

Format

A tibble with 5,570 rows and 7 variables:

code_muni

IBGE municipality code (numeric)

name_muni

Municipality name (character)

code_state

IBGE state code (numeric)

name_state

State name (character)

year

Observation year (numeric)

gdp_brl_k

GDP, thousands of Brazilian reais (numeric)

gdp_brl_m

GDP, millions of Brazilian reais (numeric)

Source

IBGE, Table 5938: GDP and other aggregates by municipality. https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/5938

References

IBGE. (2023). Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios - 2021.

---

Brazilian municipal population, 2025

Description

Population estimates for Brazil's 338 municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants.

Usage

brazil_population

Format

A tibble with 338 rows and 5 variables:

rank

Population rank (numeric)

name_muni

Municipality name (character)

abbrev_state

State abbreviation (character)

population

2025 population estimate (numeric)

category

Ordered city-size category (factor)

Details

Categories are Metropolis (1M+), Large city (500K–1M), Medium city (200K–500K) and Small city (100K–200K).

Source

IBGE, Table 6579: Municipal population estimates. https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/6579

---

Brazilian population projections by age and sex, 2025–2100

Description

Population projections for Brazil at five-year intervals, by five-year age group and sex. The data are a transformed subset of the United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition.

Usage

brazil_population_forecast

Format

A tibble with 336 rows and 15 variables:

country_code

WPP country or area code (numeric)

name

Country or area name (character)

year

Projection year (integer)

age

Five-year age band, from 0–4 to 100+ (ordered factor)

ibge_age_group

Age group derived by ekioplot: 0–14, 15–64 or 65+ (ordered factor)

age_group

Age group derived by ekioplot: 0–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 or 80+ (ordered factor)

population_m

Medium-variant projected male population, in persons (numeric)

population_f

Medium-variant projected female population, in persons (numeric)

population

Medium-variant projected total population, in persons (numeric)

population_m_low

Low-variant projected male population, in persons (numeric)

population_m_high

High-variant projected male population, in persons (numeric)

population_f_low

Low-variant projected female population, in persons (numeric)

population_f_high

High-variant projected female population, in persons (numeric)

population_low

Low-variant projected total population, in persons (numeric)

population_high

High-variant projected total population, in persons (numeric)

Details

The dataset contains 16 projection years (2025–2100) and 21 age bands. WPP reports values in thousands; ekioplot converts them to persons and rounds them to the nearest person. The two aggregate age-group variables are derived by ekioplot from the WPP five-year bands.

The ⁠*_low⁠ and ⁠*_high⁠ columns are WPP low- and high-fertility variants, respectively. They are alternative scenarios, not probability intervals.

Data © United Nations, 2024. Source data are made available under CC BY 3.0 IGO. This is a transformed subset prepared by ekioplot; the United Nations does not endorse ekioplot or this dataset.

Source

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/world-population-prospects-2024

References

United Nations Population Division (2024). wpp2024: World Population Prospects 2024. R package. https://github.com/PPgp/wpp2024

---

EKIO Area Plot

Description

Professional area plot with smart aesthetic detection. Supports stacked and filled (proportional) area charts.

Usage

ekio_areaplot(
  data,
  x,
  y,
  fill = NULL,
  palette = NULL,
  position = "stack",
  alpha = 1,
  title = NULL,
  subtitle = NULL,
  caption = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

data	A data frame
x	X-axis variable (supports data-masking)
y	Y-axis variable (supports data-masking)
fill	Fill aesthetic. A color string or a discrete variable. A continuous variable is an error: bin it or wrap it in factor().
palette	Character. Palette name for variable mappings.
position	Character. Stacking method: "stack" (default) or "fill" for proportional areas.
alpha	Numeric. Fill transparency (default: 1).
title, subtitle, caption	Plot labels. NULL (default) draws none.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::geom_area(). These override the recipe's own geom defaults.

Value

ggplot2 object

Examples

ekio_areaplot(ggplot2::economics, date, unemploy)

# Stacked area with normalized economic series
economic_series <- subset(
  ggplot2::economics_long,
  variable %in% c("pce", "psavert", "uempmed")
)
ekio_areaplot(economic_series, date, value01, fill = variable)

---

EKIO Bar Plot

Description

Professional bar plot with smart aesthetic detection.

Usage

ekio_barplot(
  data,
  x,
  y,
  fill = NULL,
  palette = NULL,
  horizontal = FALSE,
  bar_width = 0.8,
  title = NULL,
  subtitle = NULL,
  caption = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

data	A data frame
x	X-axis variable (supports data-masking)
y	Y-axis variable (supports data-masking)
fill	Fill aesthetic. A color string or a discrete variable. A continuous variable is an error: bin it or wrap it in factor().
palette	Character. Palette name for variable mappings.
horizontal	Logical. Create horizontal bar plot (default: FALSE)
bar_width	Bar width (default: 0.8)
title, subtitle, caption	Plot labels. NULL (default) draws none.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::geom_col(). These override the recipe's own geom defaults.

Value

ggplot2 object

Examples

cyl_counts <- as.data.frame(table(cyl = mtcars$cyl))
names(cyl_counts)[2] <- "n"
ekio_barplot(cyl_counts, cyl, n)

---

WCAG Contrast Ratio Between Two Colors

Description

Computes the contrast ratio between foreground and background colors as defined by WCAG 2.1. Ratios range from 1 (no contrast) to 21 (black on white). WCAG requires at least 4.5 for normal text (level AA), 3.0 for large text (AA), and 7.0 for normal text at level AAA.

Usage

ekio_contrast(color, background = "white")

Arguments

color	Character. Foreground color(s) as hex codes or R color names.
background	Character. Background color(s) (default: "white"). Recycled against color if needed.

Value

Numeric vector of contrast ratios between 1 and 21

See Also

ekio_text_on() to pick a readable text color for a background

Examples

ekio_contrast("black", "white")
ekio_contrast(ekio_pal("blue")["700"])
ekio_contrast("white", ekio_pal("blue"))

---

EKIO Histogram

Description

Professional histogram with smart aesthetic detection.

Usage

ekio_histogram(
  data,
  x,
  fill = NULL,
  palette = NULL,
  bins = "sturges",
  binwidth = NULL,
  border_color = "white",
  title = NULL,
  subtitle = NULL,
  caption = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

data	A data frame
x	Variable to plot (supports data-masking)
fill	Fill aesthetic. A color string or a discrete variable. NULL uses EKIO blue. A continuous variable is an error: bin it or wrap it in factor().
palette	Character. Palette name for variable mappings.
bins	Binning method: "sturges", "FD", "scott", or numeric.
binwidth	Width of bins (overrides bins if specified)
border_color	Color for histogram outline (default: "white")
title, subtitle, caption	Plot labels. NULL (default) draws none.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::geom_histogram(). These override the recipe's own geom defaults.

Value

ggplot2 object

Examples

ekio_histogram(mtcars, mpg)
ekio_histogram(mtcars, mpg, fill = "steelblue")
ekio_histogram(mtcars, mpg, fill = factor(cyl), palette = "full")

---

EKIO Line Plot

Description

Professional line plot with smart aesthetic detection.

Usage

ekio_lineplot(
  data,
  x,
  y,
  color = NULL,
  palette = NULL,
  add_zero = FALSE,
  line_width = 0.8,
  title = NULL,
  subtitle = NULL,
  caption = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

data	A data frame
x	X-axis variable (supports data-masking)
y	Y-axis variable (supports data-masking)
color	Color aesthetic. A color string or a discrete variable. A continuous variable is an error: bin it or wrap it in factor().
palette	Character. Palette name for variable mappings.
add_zero	Logical. Add horizontal line at y=0 (default: FALSE)
line_width	Line thickness (default: 0.8)
title, subtitle, caption	Plot labels. NULL (default) draws none.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::geom_line(). These override the recipe's own geom defaults.

Value

ggplot2 object

Examples

ekio_lineplot(ggplot2::economics, date, unemploy)

---

Get Color Palette

Description

Returns colors for data visualization and EKIO identity work. Includes EKIO brand scales, accent and categorical palettes, the ekio_brand identity palette, the EKIO Academy palettes, and standard scientific palettes. When printed interactively, displays the palette as a colored swatch with hex labels.

Usage

ekio_pal(palette = "full", n = NULL, reverse = FALSE)

Arguments

palette	Character. Name of the palette. See list_ekio_palettes() for all available options.
n	Integer or NULL. Number of colors to return. If NULL, returns all, except "accent_blue" and "accent_orange", which return four by default. For sequential, diverging and academy palettes, n colors are interpolated across the full range. For the two variable-size accent palettes, n can be between 2 and 6. For "gold", other categorical palettes, and scientific palettes, the first n colors are taken, interpolating only if n exceeds the palette length.
reverse	Logical. If TRUE, reverses the palette order.

Details

Brand scales ("blue", "gray", "stone", "teal", "green", "orange", "red", "purple") are nine-step ramps running light to dark, named by shade. Position and shade are aligned by construction, so ekio_pal("blue")[7] and ekio_pal("blue")["700"] are the same color.

Subsetting drops the names. A color picked out of a scale goes straight into ggplot2::scale_color_manual(), which reads names as data levels. The whole palette keeps its names for ekio_text_on() and for lookup.

The named "ekio_brand" palette contains colors for EKIO identity assets. It is not intended as a general-purpose data visualization palette.

The "academy" palettes, "yoro_blue" and "yoro_green", are for EKIO Academy tutorials and books. They come from Hokusai's Yoro Waterfall in Mino Province and are tuned for theme_ekio(background = "cold"). Each is a five-step ramp, light to dark, and the two share one lightness per step. Steps 4 and 5 are dark enough for text on the cold surface.

"full_light" and "spectrum_light" are lighter categorical palettes for filled marks such as bars, boxplots, and areas. "full_light" keeps the order of "full", so neighboring colors differ in hue. "spectrum_light" follows the color wheel from blue to purple, which suits ordered categories.

"gold" is an accent rather than a scale: three colors named "light", "mid" and "deep", because a nine-step gold ramp turns brown at the dark end. They sit on the same lightness rungs as scale shades 300, 400 and 500.

"accent_blue" and "accent_orange" put one main color before a sequence of receding grays. They return four colors by default; n can be set from 2 to 6 to match the number of series while keeping the main color first.

Value

Object of class ekio_palette (a character vector of hex codes). Printing displays a visual swatch. Use as.character() to strip the class.

Source

The brand scales are generated from one OKLCH specification in data-raw/build-ramps.R: a shared lightness spine anchored on the brand navy, a shared chroma arc, and a hue path per family. The scientific palettes come from matplotlib ("viridis", "inferno", "plasma") and from Okabe & Ito ("okabe_ito"). Notices are in inst/COPYRIGHTS.

Examples

ekio_pal("full")
ekio_pal("full", n = 4)
ekio_pal("full", reverse = TRUE)
ekio_pal("full_light")
ekio_pal("spectrum_light")
ekio_pal("accent_blue", n = 5)
ekio_pal("okabe_ito")
ekio_pal("ekio_brand")
ekio_pal("yoro_blue")

# Brand scales are named by shade; position i is shade i * 100
ekio_pal("blue")["700"]
ekio_pal("blue")[7]

# gold is an accent, named rather than numbered
ekio_pal("gold")["mid"]

# Subsets are unnamed, so a hand-built palette needs no unname()
c(ekio_pal("blue")["700"], ekio_pal("orange")["500"])

---

EKIO Scatter Plot

Description

Professional scatter plot with smart aesthetic detection.

Usage

ekio_scatterplot(
  data,
  x,
  y,
  color = NULL,
  size = NULL,
  palette = NULL,
  add_zero = FALSE,
  add_smooth = FALSE,
  smooth_method = "lm",
  point_size = 2.5,
  point_alpha = 0.8,
  title = NULL,
  subtitle = NULL,
  caption = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

data	A data frame
x	X-axis variable (supports data-masking)
y	Y-axis variable (supports data-masking)
color	Color aesthetic. A color string or a variable. A continuous variable warns and uses a sequential ramp.
size	Size aesthetic (optional variable)
palette	Character. Palette name for variable mappings.
add_zero	Logical. Add horizontal line at y=0 (default: FALSE)
add_smooth	Logical. Add smooth trend line (default: FALSE)
smooth_method	Smoothing method: "lm", "gam", "loess" (default: "lm")
point_size	Base point size (default: 2.5)
point_alpha	Point transparency (default: 0.8)
title, subtitle, caption	Plot labels. NULL (default) draws none.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::geom_point(). These override the recipe's own geom defaults.

Value

ggplot2 object

Examples

ekio_scatterplot(mtcars, wt, mpg)
ekio_scatterplot(mtcars, wt, mpg, color = factor(cyl))

---

Brand surfaces

Description

Resolve an EKIO brand surface name to a hex code. ekio_surface() takes the same vocabulary as theme_ekio(background = ): "offwhite" (⁠#FBFBF6⁠), "white" (⁠#FFFFFF⁠) and "cold" (⁠#F6F7F8⁠). A hex code such as "#F0EAD6" is passed through unchanged, and "transparent" returns NA_character_ so ggplot2::element_rect() draws nothing.

Usage

ekio_surface(surface = "offwhite", arg = "surface", call = current_env())

Arguments

surface	Character. A brand surface name or a hex code.
arg, call	The argument name and the calling environment used to build error messages. See rlang::args_error_context().

Value

A single hex code, or NA_character_ for "transparent".

See Also

theme_ekio()

Examples

ekio_surface("cold")
ekio_surface("#F0EAD6")

---

Pick a Readable Text Color for a Background

Description

Returns the text color (dark or light) with the higher WCAG contrast ratio against each background color. Useful for labels placed on colored fills, e.g. in ggplot2::geom_text().

Usage

ekio_text_on(background, dark = "black", light = "white")

Arguments

background	Character. Background color(s) as hex codes or R color names.
dark	Character. Dark text color candidate (default: "black").
light	Character. Light text color candidate (default: "white").

Value

Character vector of text colors, one per background. Names of background are preserved.

See Also

ekio_contrast() for the underlying contrast ratios

Examples

ekio_text_on(ekio_pal("blue")["700"])
ekio_text_on(ekio_pal("blue"))
ekio_text_on(ekio_pal("full"), dark = ekio_pal("gray")["900"])

---

List Available Palettes

Description

Returns names of all available palettes, optionally filtered by type.

Usage

list_ekio_palettes(type = "all")

Arguments

type	Character. Type of palettes to list: "accent", "brand", "academy", "categorical", "scientific", "sequential", "diverging", or "all" (default).

Value

Character vector of palette names, or named list if type = "all".

Examples

list_ekio_palettes()
list_ekio_palettes("categorical")

---

Continuous Color Scale

Description

Apply sequential, diverging or academy palettes to continuous/numeric data.

Usage

scale_color_ekio_c(palette = "blue", reverse = FALSE, ...)

scale_colour_ekio_c(palette = "blue", reverse = FALSE, ...)

scale_fill_ekio_c(palette = "blue", reverse = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

palette	Character. Palette name (default: "blue"). See list_ekio_palettes("sequential"), list_ekio_palettes("diverging") and list_ekio_palettes("academy") for options.
reverse	Logical. If TRUE, reverses the color order.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::scale_color_gradientn()

Value

A ggplot2 scale object

See Also

scale_fill_ekio_c(), list_ekio_palettes()

Examples

library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg, color = hp)) +
  geom_point(size = 3) +
  scale_color_ekio_c()

ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg, color = hp)) +
  geom_point(size = 3) +
  scale_color_ekio_c("stone")

---

Discrete Color Scale

Description

Apply qualitative palettes to discrete/categorical data.

Usage

scale_color_ekio_d(palette = "full", reverse = FALSE, ...)

scale_colour_ekio_d(palette = "full", reverse = FALSE, ...)

scale_fill_ekio_d(palette = "full", reverse = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

palette	Character. Palette name (default: "full"). See ekio_pal() for options.
reverse	Logical. If TRUE, reverses the palette order.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::discrete_scale()

Value

A ggplot2 scale object

See Also

ekio_pal(), scale_fill_ekio_d()

Examples

library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg, color = factor(cyl))) +
  geom_point(size = 3) +
  scale_color_ekio_d()

---

Apply EKIO Theme to ggplot2 Plots

Description

A minimal, professional theme for EKIO visualizations built on ggplot2::theme_minimal().

Usage

theme_ekio(
  base_size = 11,
  font_title = "Lora",
  font_text = "Lato",
  title_align = "plot",
  grid = "y",
  ticks = "x",
  background = "offwhite",
  ...
)

Arguments

base_size	Numeric. Base font size in points (default: 11).
font_title	Character. Font family passed only to the chart title. Defaults to 'Lora'.
font_text	Character. Font family passed to all textual elements except the title. Defaults to 'Lato'.
title_align	Argument passed to ggplot2::theme(). Can be one of 'plot' or 'panel'.
grid	Character. Which major grid lines to show: "y" (default), "x", "xy", or "none". Only the requested grid themes are added.
ticks	Character. Which axis ticks and lines to show: "x" (default), "y", "xy", or "none". This is independent of grid.
background	Character. Plot and panel background: "offwhite" (default, ⁠#FBFBF6⁠, a warm white), "white" (⁠#FFFFFF⁠), "cold" (⁠#F6F7F8⁠), or "transparent". A hex code such as "#F0EAD6" is also accepted, though only the named surfaces are checked for contrast against the brand scales.
...	Additional arguments passed to ggplot2::theme_minimal().

Value

A ggplot2 theme object

See Also

ekio_surface()

Examples

ggplot2::ggplot(mtcars, ggplot2::aes(wt, mpg)) +
  ggplot2::geom_point() +
  theme_ekio(font_title = "serif", font_text = "sans")

---

Theme for patchwork annotations

Description

Returns the plot-level parts of theme_ekio() for use with patchwork::plot_annotation(theme = ). The theme colors the outer canvas and styles titles without changing the panels or axes of child plots.

Usage

theme_patchwork(background = "offwhite", ...)

Arguments

background	Character. Background surface accepted by theme_ekio().
...	Additional arguments passed to theme_ekio().

Value

A partial ggplot2 theme.

See Also

theme_ekio()

Examples

theme_patchwork(background = "offwhite")

---